An environmental test chamber, also known as an environmental chamber or climatic chamber, is a system that enables users to manipulate the environmental conditions of an enclosed space to run controlled tests on a subject. Researchers, engineers, scientists, and manufacturers utilize these conditions to push innovation and ensure whatever products they produce are safe for use.
Environmental test chambers can range in size from half-a-cubic-foot benchtop models all the way up to 12,000-cubic-foot, drive-in rooms.
There are also multiple environmental conditions that test chambers can recreate: temperature and humidity conditions, temperature only conditions, and corrosive conditions through the use of salt spray.
If properly maintained, test chambers can remain operational for 10 years or more.
The type of test chamber you need depends on a number of factors, namely the lab space available to you, the products or components you’re testing, and the standards (see below) to which you’re testing. (For more information on how to determine what test chamber to purchase, read our Test Chamber Buyer’s Guide).
Below are common types of test chambers, categorized by physical style and performance.
Temperature-only test chambers allow users to conduct steady-state tests or temperature cycling. They also can feature radio frequency shielding, a crucial component for companies in the electronics industry.
Controlling the temperature and humidity of a test chamber enables users to recreate real-world, extreme conditions their products might end up in—a cell phone, for example, needs to operate the same in the freezing cold as it does along the coast in the muggy heat. You can also simulate the life span of products through HALT (highly accelerated life testing) testing.
These chambers allow users to test how quickly their products hold up to corrosion. AES offers salt spray chambers that are transparent, allowing engineers to clearly observe their products while the test is ongoing.
Thermal shock test chambers feature two or three separate zones, with two of those zones operating at opposite, extreme temperatures. Devices under test (DUT) are transferred between them quickly with the third zone serving to add ambient temperature exposure.
Some manufacturers build test chambers specifically with battery testing purposes in mind. AES’s ATPPRIME series is one such example.
AES also offers an ATPFLEX battery fixture that enables users to efficiently and safely test batteries in any manufacturer’s chamber. The fixture can be added to existing test chambers and set-up for different types of cells: pouch, coin, cylindrical, prismatic, and pack. The ATPHEAVY battery fixture enables testing batteries up to 1000 amps.
Laboratory ovens, ranging in volume from less than a cubic foot to more than 60 cubic feet, are ideal for creating highly stable, controlled, hot air circulation. They’re capable of reaching temperatures greater than 200°C, and are often used for aging, baking, curing, drying, sterilizing, and more.
Liquid-cooled ovens can bring hot ovens down to ambient conditions and as low as -73°C (-100°F) with much faster pull-down rates than traditional test chamber mechanical refrigeration. With LN2 or CO2 boosts, liquid cooled ovens can reach cryogenic levels, as low as -185°C.
A selection of chambers fall outside traditional performance requirements. AES’s HM-436 model is a steady-state test chamber designed specifically for hydrogen maser atomic clocks. Portable conditioning modules (PCM) enable users to condition the air in the workspace. AGREE chambers have space allocated to add vibration test systems. There are more specialty chambers you may require based on industry, standards you’re testing to, and the devices you’re testing.
Each manufacturer’s needs are different from the next. That’s why AES is proud to offer fully-customizable environmental test chambers made to meet your requirements.
You’ll work with a dedicated sales manager and AES engineers that love to tweak the old and redesign the new. AES engineers regularly modify existing standard test chambers with custom options specified and configured by your ideas or can design utterly custom test chambers to fit perfectly within your test parameters.
Depending on their purpose, test chambers have different systems that go into creating and maintaining the environmental conditions. We’ll briefly go over air circulation, cooling, heating, humidity, and salt spray since they’re common.
It’s important to learn and understand the specifications of your particular test chamber and to keep the manufacturer in close contact. If you’re in need of service, know that AES repairs, maintains, and troubleshoots all test chambers, regardless of manufacturer.
Air circulation is crucial for environmental testing as the conditions in the lab and inside the test chamber both factor in delivering accurate results. AES’s test chambers feature a baffle and fan combination to optimize temperature and humidity conditions within the workspace.
Test chambers can reach extremely low temperatures (think -70 degrees Celsius) and quickly: The refrigeration systems on AES chambers have various pulldown rates, averaging between 2.5 and 10 degrees Celsius per minute. It’s a compact, sealed mechanical system for easy maintenance. When supplemented with boost cooling in the form of liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen temperatures can fall even lower and faster which may be necessary for rapid cooling during stress tests.
Modern test chambers feature electric heating systems where air passes over independent, fast-response nichrome heaters with ceramic cores to deliver accurate, controllable results. Standard models can reach temperatures 120 degrees Celsius and well above, with precision to within +/-0.5 degrees.
With heating and cooling, it’s important to keep in mind that the intended performance level of your test chambers. Although standard models can reach high and low temperatures, they may not be able to maintain temperature extremes or change rates without compromising the smaller compressors. Always consider the heat absorption rate of your product being tested as that will also affect performance expectations.
To create humidity, vapor steam generators are custom-fit and attached to test chambers. They rely on a properly conditioned water source to produce humidity ranges from 20 to 95% relative humidity (RH). With special devices humidity can be controlled within 10 to 98% RH. To remove unwanted humidity, a mechanical dehumidifying system is often used to speed up the pulldown process. Some test chambers are made to keep humidity tightly controlled when temperature is going up or down. Users who need to reach humidity levels as low as 5% RH add desiccant air dryers to their test chambers.
To create the salt spray, a salt solution is prepared and stored in a tank, then compressed air is used to force the solution and conditioned water through a nozzle and create a fine mist in the test chamber. AES’s MX Series chambers are a unique style of salt spray chamber. Its clear walls allow for total product visibility during testing.
Companies conduct environmental testing at different phases of product development. For newer companies, it’s an important part of prototyping and proof of concept. For experienced ones, testing confirms their latest innovations and helps them beat competitors to market.
Different phases require different test profiles, although it’s important to note that you should spend more time identifying potential weak points during research and development (R&D). They are much more costly to address—including in time lost—after or during production.
Research is essential for the technology and engineering activities required to advance the design and development of products. Companies in almost every industry rely on research and development (R&D) to plan, design, and deliver new, innovative products.
Environmental test chambers accommodate various aspects of R&D. Some are designed for laboratory research, testing in search for or evaluation of product alternatives, construction, and testing of pre-production prototypes.
The most common tests run are for product shelf-life. Companies simulate the lifespan of a product (e.g, a change of five degrees in the test chamber is equivalent to two years in a real-world environment) through what’s known as highly accelerated life testing (HALT). The goal is to identify the so-called ‘failure point’ of products, so companies can set expectations or, if need be, focus on a different design that proves more durable.
The more time, resources, and energy you put into R&D testing, the more confident you’ll feel advancing to production.
Companies approach production testing differently depending on the products themselves and the industry. For example, producers of defibrillators test every device that comes off the line with highly accelerated stress screening (HASS). (The goal of HASS testing is to prove that the product reaches the failure point identified during HALT testing without malfunctioning). Each serves a life-saving purpose, so it’s imperative they all work as intended without defects.
In fact, individual product testing is a requirement in certain industries. Companies often test products off-the-line, too, as a matter of practice. Others, however, will test batches of products at once in an effort to save time and resources.
No matter the method, the thought remains the same. You need to confirm the quality and reliability of your products before they reach the public. The testing also legitimizes the time and money that went into R&D.
Quality Testing
Does the product work as intended? That’s what you seek to determine in quality testing. Quality assurance and quality control ensure the excellence of a product. Many products, components, and parts in different industries have specific environmental quality requirements. These requirements may be regulatory through government or industry bodies, or maybe an important aspect of the company’s design or manufacturing specifications.
Reliability Testing
Here’s where the environmental conditions really come into play. Electronics manufacturers, in particular, test to ensure their products perform in a wide range of settings, from extreme temperatures to high and low humidity levels. The results inform the expectations and directions they set for consumers. Reliability testing also helps reduce the risk of unexpected and costly product failures after the product has been released. If you can identify points of failure in HALT testing, and ensure that products coming out of production reach those limits reliably, you can confidently go to market.
Environmental test standards establish criteria for a product’s, material’s, or component’s ability to withstand different environmental conditions for a period of time or over a projected lifetime.
Standards vary according to the industry, the type of item being tested, and its intended use. Examples of environmental or climatic conditions to which standard testing parameters apply include:
Environmental test standards apply to a wide variety of industry sectors, and some standards apply to more than one industry. These are some examples of specifications organized in alphabetical order:
